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ADHD Medication in the UK The drugs for ADHD help to reduce symptoms by increasing brain activity in specific regions. They also boost neurotransmitters, which are deficient in people suffering from ADHD. Stimulant drugs are the most frequently prescribed treatment for adults with ADHD in the UK. They increase activity in areas of the brain involved in attention and impulse control. Stimulants There are two types of medication licensed for use in the UK to treat adult ADHD stimulants and non-stimulant drugs. Stimulants are usually used as the first choice due to their ability to increase activity in the areas of the brain that regulate attention and behaviour. These include methylphenidate also known as Ritalin, and lisdexamfetamine. They can be administered frequently throughout the day in a tablet with a short-acting mechanism or taken once a day in a long-acting tablet that is released into the bloodstream throughout the course of a single day. At first the dosage of the medication could need to be adjusted and monitored (titrated), to find the dosage that is most effective for you. Stimulants are widely used as medical and recreational drugs. In the 1930s truck drivers, students, and athletes took amphetamines to increase their energy levels. Amphetamines are extremely hazardous and have a great potential for abuse. They are abused as they make people feel fantastic and can stimulate the mind in ways that lead to addiction. Loss of appetite, difficulties sleeping and issues with digestion or stomach are among the most common negative effects of stimulants. Adjustments to the dosage or timing of the medication usually can alleviate these problems. They are generally tolerated by the majority of adults. However, children can have more severe side-effects like the loss of weight, tics and irritability. Non-stimulant ADHD medication works differently from stimulants, and it can take some time before they begin to show results. Clonidine and Guanfacine (brand names Catapres and Intuniv) are alpha agonists, both of which work by stimulating specific receptors in the brain to improve concentration, decrease hyperactivity and impulsivity, and reduce behavioral issues like tics and aggression. They can be used as a supplement to ADHD stimulant medication or taken on their own by children aged 6-17. Atomoxetine (brand name Strattera) is a non-stimulant medication for ADHD that increases levels of the neurotransmitter noradrenaline to improve impulse control and improve concentration. It can be prescribed as its own, but is most often used in conjunction with guanfacine for children. These medications do not cause the same negative side effects as stimulants but can cause headaches and sleep problems. Atomoxetine While stimulant medications such as Ritalin and Adderall are typically recommended for kids with ADHD, some children don't respond to these medications. For these kids, medication options called nonstimulants can be used. They boost signaling between nerves and regions of the brain, assisting children focus more easily and reducing the impulsivity. Non-stimulant ADHD drugs contain different active ingredients than stimulants. They also don't contain the potential for abuse and aren't controlled substances. Atomoxetine, also referred to as Strattera, is a non-stimulant medicine that can be used to treat ADHD among adults, children and teenagers. It's an antidepressant which has been proven to lessen the symptoms of ADHD by increasing the levels of a chemical in the brain called noradrenaline. Noradrenaline is a chemical that transmits messages between brain cells. add medication adults plays a role in motivation, impulsivity and attention. Atomoxetine due to its unique mechanism of effect it does not suffer from the same side effects as other antidepressants such as Wellbutrin or Effexor. It is available to children as young as 5 years old. It is administered once or twice daily in tablet form. Atomoxetine offers a stable, 24 hour control over ADHD symptoms. It can help reduce the effects at night when stimulants have worn off. Both guanfacine and Clonidine are available as non-stimulant ADHD medication. These are available to children who haven't been able to respond to stimulant medications or who have difficulty dealing with its adverse effects. They can be used alone or in conjunction with stimulants, such as Adderall XR (amphetamine salts), for a more effective treatment of ADHD. If you or your child are being treated with a non-stimulant ADHD medication, ensure that you follow your GP's instructions carefully. They'll likely recommend starting with low doses and gradually increasing the dosage over time. They'll also ask about any other medications that you or your child is taking so they can check for interactions. You will need to make regular appointments with your GP and inform them of any adverse reactions or have concerns. They may alter your dosage or suggest alternative treatments such as talking therapy. Unlicensed Medication The treatment for ADHD in adults is a mix of stimulant and non-stimulant medications. The psychiatric physician may prescribe medications that are off-label for the condition (these are substances that are approved for other conditions, but are showing evidence of their effectiveness in adults with ADHD). These medications are typically antidepressants, such as bupropion and Venflaxine. They have shown some benefits in the condition, and are tolerated in smaller doses. Sometimes, unlicensed medicines are prescribed for a patient when there is a genuine special clinical need and the prescription cannot be met with an alternative licensed medicine. Patients whose usual medication has been temporarily interrupted due to a disruption of supply, or who require liquid versions of a licensed capsule or tablet due to allergies or intolerances could be affected in a variety of ways. Unlicensed medicines can be called “specials”. This term can also be used to describe drugs that are “off-label” or are prepared or supplied in a manner not covered by the licence. For instance, some examples include crushing tablets to make them easier for the patient to swallow. Other options include adding liquid to tablets or capsules that are licensed to create a mixture that can be administered by injection. Healthcare professionals will generally only utilize unlicensed medicines as a last resort when they believe there is no licensed alternative. They will carefully weigh the various options available to meet the individual requirements of each patient. They will also periodically review the results of treatment taking into account the clinical experience as well as new licensed treatments. It is essential that any unlicensed medicine used to treat patients is safe and effective and the reason for prescribing it is recorded in the patient's medical record. If a person has any adverse reactions from an off-label treatment they should be reported through the MHRA's Yellow Card scheme. The information provided will be used by the MHRA to revise the marketing authorisation for the medicine and ensure future prescriptions are safe and effective. Talk Therapy A talk therapist works with you to help you understand your symptoms and find ways to manage. They can also give you guidance and advice on how to alter your way of thinking and acting to feel more positive. It is important to complete the amount of sessions your therapist recommends as this will be key in your feeling more positive. Medicines can reduce the symptoms of ADHD by increasing the amount of neurotransmitters in your brain. These are substances that allow your neurons to pass on messages, and assist you in focusing your thoughts and ignore distractions. There are two kinds of drugs used to treat ADHD that are stimulants and non-stimulants. They work in slightly different ways but all increase the availability of neurotransmitters within your brain. In the UK there are a variety of drugs that can be used to treat ADHD. The most frequently used is methylphenidate. It is available in immediate-release tablets (small doses taken 2 to 3 times a day) and modified-release tablets (taken every day, but released throughout the day). These aren't an effective treatment for ADHD but they can help to focus and control the impulsive behavior. They are usually well-tolerated but your specialist will monitor you closely to ensure you get the correct dose and do not suffer from any side negative effects. The treatment can take a few weeks to reach the optimal level and may have to be titrated (changed on an ongoing basis) to determine the most effective dosage for you. Non-stimulant medicines like atomoxetine (available only with a prescription) are more efficient and have less chance of addiction than stimulants. They have a more solid evidence base but they are not as well-liked and some experience problems with their appetite, memory or sleep. Your specialist will monitor you progress and decide whether to keep taking atomoxetine or switch to a different treatment. People with ADHD are unable to find permanent solutions with treatment or medication. They can help you deal with your issues and lead a more fulfilling life. You can make the most of your treatment if you combine treatments with regular sessions with your therapist as this will give you the chance to develop ways to cope and identify problematic patterns in your behavior and thinking. For certain people, their improved confidence and mood can last well beyond the duration of their treatment.